THE ESSENCE OF LEADERSHIP AND ENSURING LEADERSHIP EFFICIENCY IN THE PUBLIC ADMINISTRATION SYSTEM
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.34132/pard2022.16.07Keywords:
interaction, public administratiob, leadership, management methods, types of leadership, leader's team, leader's characteristics, power functionsAbstract
The paper is devoted to the study of the main theoretical approaches to the formation of leadership and ensuring leadership effectiveness in the system of public administration. It is shown that in modern social and political conditions, society needs active, competent, goal-oriented specialists who are able to make decisions independently, be responsible for their implementation, who know how to properly interact with their team and the surrounding environment. However, leadership is a rare phenomenon of social and political life, and is associated with the exercise of power functions. At the same time, leadership is inherent in any civilized society and permeates all spheres of its life. It was determined that modern studies of the phenomenon of leadership are based on a combination of the following main components: leadership qualities, behavior and the situation in which the leader has to make decisions and act. At the same time, the parameters and behavior of his followers, whose interests the leader must express, are of great importance. For this, it is necessary to take into account not only internal group factors, expectations and needs of team members, but also the psychology of potential leaders.
In its essence, leadership is a special type of interaction of a group of people, which is based on a successful combination of different sources of power, and which is aimed at motivating others to realize common goals. At the same time, in order to ensure effective management, leaders should focus on the activation of people's activities, the formation of a favorable emotional and psychological environment for revealing the potential of individuals. An unprofessional attitude to the duties and methods of public management is an indicator of incompetence for a leader.
Leadership exists in any sphere of social activity, which implies the agreement of its participants. Its essence is manifested in the differentiation of jointly acting individuals into leaders and followers. A special role should be given to leadership in the field of public administration, where public interests are concentrated. Leadership always involves a certain system of rules, according to which the leader is nominated to various authorities and the exercise of his powers.
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