UKRAINIAN REALITIES AND THE WORLD EXPERIENCE OF FIGHTING CORRUPTION IN THE FIELD OF PUBLIC PROCUREMENT
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.34132/pard2019.04.05Keywords:
public procurement, electronic auctions, state monitoring and control in the field of procurement, corruption, counteraction to corruptionAbstract
The article analyzes the current state and effectiveness of anti-corruption measures in Ukraine, substantiates the relevance of the study of the experience of counteraction to corruption in the world and the necessity of its implementation in the domestic practice. The main mechanisms for overcoming corruption in the field of public procurement in Ukraine and the priority measures aimed at their implementation are determined.
The purpose of the paper is to highlight the real state and threats of corruption in the field of public procurement for the economic development of Ukraine and, based on foreign experience, identify effective mechanisms for combating corruption and their implementation in Ukraine.
The study used and summarized officially published results of scientific researches of domestic and foreign authors, statistical data, reports of state controlling bodies and international expert organizations, creative reflection on the basis of application of the system approach and methods of statistical and comparative analysis, content analysis and the synthesis of the results allowed to make substantiated conclusions.
The work substantiates that effective mechanisms of counteraction to corruption are the further development of institutional, informational and technological monitoring and monitoring of the mechanism of "electronic auctions", which, provided they are effectively used and activated by civil society, can create the necessary grounds for reducing volumes and eradicating corruption as in the field of public procurement, as well as in other spheres of vital activity of the state.
It is determined that counteracting abuses and combating corruption in the sphere of public procurement in Ukraine is at a rather low level. Therefore, overcoming corruption in the system of placing government orders is one of the most important tasks of public administration in the field of public procurement for budget funds. Positive in this direction is that the state has started to develop new mechanisms for combating corruption - the introduction of the ProZorro electronic procurement system, the launch of authorized electronic platforms and the web portal of the Authorized Purchasing Authority, the ongoing monitoring and monitoring of public procurement operations, the placement of results control on the monitoring portal DOZORRO, etc. However, the ineffective use of these tools leads to a high level of corruption in the field of public procurement.
In order to increase the effectiveness of counteraction to corruption, taking into account the experience of foreign countries, it is proposed: to completely abandon placing an order in a single source without bidding; to improve the procedure of contesting agreements concluded with violation of the requirements of the current legislation. This will reduce the number of abuses and limit the possibility of using corruption schemes in the public procurement system for budget funds.
In general, for successful implementation of these measures, first of all, it is necessary to make changes to the institutional mechanism of public administration through the system of public procurement and to strengthen the role of state monitoring and audit on the justified and targeted use of budget funds in the public procurement system.
References
2. Glodan S.Yu. Stan i problemy koruptsiyi v Ukrayini [State and Problems of Corruption in Ukraine] Retrieved from: https: // zakjust.gov.ua/yurydychni-konsultatsii/464-stan-i-problemy-koruptsii-v-krainian [in Ukrainian]
3. Kritenko, E. (2013) Counteraction to corruption in public procurement in Ukraine. Przemyśl: Nauka i studia. Fellowship, 4 (72), p. 79-85 [in Poland]
4. Krytenko, O. O., Pisʹmachenko L.M. (2010). Svitovyy dosvid derzhavnoho rehulyuvannya zakupivli za byudzhetni koshty [World experience of state procurement regulation for budgetary funds] Visnyk Akademiyi mytnoyi sluzhby Ukrayiny. Seriya: “Derzhavne upravlinnya” 1 (2), Dnipropetrovsʹk: AMSU, p. 69-74 [in Ukrainian].
5. Rudoy, K.M. (2015) Zapobihannya koruptsiyi yak napryamok zabezpechennya mizhnarodnoyi bezpeky [Preventing Corruption as a Way to Secure International Security]. Pravova derzhava, 19. p. 69-73. Retrieved from: http://Prav_2015_19_16.pdf [in Ukrainian]
6. Taranenko, O.P. (2014) Suchasni zakhody zapobihannya koruptsiyi u sferi derzhavnykh zakupivelʹ. Derzhavne upravlinnya: teoriya ta praktyka [Modern measures to prevent corruption in the field of public procurement] Public Administration: Theory and Practice. 2. Retrieved from: http://academy.gov.ua/ej/ej20/PDF/4.pdf [in Ukrainian]
7. Tkachenko, N. B. (2007) Upravlinnya derzhavnymy zakupivlyamy [Public Procurement Management]: monohrafiya Kyiv: Vyd-vo “Knyha” [in Ukrainian]
8. Shatkovsʹkyy, O., Fayvesh, G. (n.d.) Elektronni derzhavni zakupivli: poshuk ukrayinsʹkoho shlyakhu [Electronic Government Procurement: Search of the Ukrainian Way] /O.P. Shatkovsʹkyy, H.. Retrieved from http:// eupublicprocurement.org.ua/e-procurement-finding-a-way-forukraine.html?lang=UK [in Ukrainian].
9. Bondar, I. (2007) Derzhavni zakupivli v Shveytsariyi [Public Procurement in Switzerland] Derzhavni zakupivli v Ukrayini. 11. pp. 41–44. [in Ukrainian]
10. Buchko, O. (2009) Derzhavni zakupivli: Kanada [Public Procurement: Canada] Derzhavni zakupivli v Ukrayini. 7. pp. 42–44. [in Ukrainian]
11. Bubliy, M.P. (2011) Mizhnarodnyy dosvid orhanizatsiyi ta zdiysnennya derzhavnykh zakupivelʹ [International experience in the organization and implementation of public procurement] The theory and practice of public administration: sciences. Bulletin of the Kharkiv Regional Institute of Public Administration of the National Academy of Public Administration under the President of Ukraine. issue. 3. Kharkov: KHRIDU NADU. Retrieved from http://www.kbuapa.kharkov.ua/e-book/tpdu/2011-4/doc/1/05.pdf [in Ukrainian]
12. Kaydash, T. (2007) Derzhavni zakupivli v Spoluchenykh shtatakh Ameryky [Public Procurement in the United States of America] Derzhavni zakupivli v Ukrayini. 12. pp. 39 – 44. [in Ukrainian]
13. Mischenko, O. (2008) Osoblyvosti provedennya torhiv u krayinakh Tsentralʹnoyi ta Skhidnoyi Yevropy [Peculiarities of Bidding in Central and Eastern Europe] Derzhavni zakupivli v Ukrayini. pp. 32–40. [in Ukrainian]
14. Mishchenko, R. (2012) Elektronni zakupivli: realiyi vprovadzhennya v suchasnykh heoekonomichnykh umovakh [Electronic purchases: the realities of implementation in modern geo-economic conditions] Journal of public service. 3. - pp. 55-60 [in Ukrainian]
15. Pappas, S. (2005) Polityka ES u sferi derzhavnykh zakupivelʹ [EU Policy in Public Procurement]. Kyiv: IMV KNU im. T. Shevchenka (Prohrama Tacis Yevropeysʹkoho Soyuzu v Ukrayini) [in Ukrainian].
16. Sidorenko, I. (2007) Systema derzhavnykh zakupivelʹ v Latviyi [Public Procurement System in Latvia] Derzhavni zakupivli v Ukrayini. 10. pp. 37–44. [in Ukrainian]
17. Kharchenko, G. A. (2009) Mizhnarodnyy dosvid u systemi derzhavnykh zakupivelʹ [International Experience in the System of Public Procurement] Ekonomika ta derzhava. 11. pp. 200-204 [in Ukrainian].
18. (2016) Strashni vidomosti prynesly sotsiolohichni doslidzhennya [Terrible information brought by sociological research] S•H Reytynh Chynnistʹ zakonu Retrieved from http://www.rol.org.ua/newsitem.cfm?unid=5594 [in Ukrainian]
19. (n.d.) Kozhna tretya ukrayinka/etsʹ hotovi doluchytysya do orhanizovanoyi protydiyi koruptsiyi [Every third Ukrainian woman is ready to join the organized counteraction to corruption] / Retrieved from /https://dif.org.ua/article/kozhna-tretya-ukrainkaets-gotovi-doluchitisya-do-organizovanoi-protidii-koruptsii [in Ukrainian]
20. (2019) Koruptsiya v Ukrayini spryynyattya, dosvid, stavlennya: analiz zahalʹnonatsionalʹnykh opytuvanʹ 2015-2018 [Corruption in Ukraine perception, experience, attitudes: analysis of nationwide polls 2015-2018] Retrieved from https://dif.org.ua/uploads/pdf/ 6343688805c078ceeea4aa6.97852084.pdf [in Ukrainian].
21 (2006) Corruption assessment: Ukraine. views: final report Retrieved from https://pdf.usaid.gov/pdf_docs/PNADK247.pdf. Washington [in English]
22. Rachkevych Mark (2011) Under Yanukovych, Ukraine Slides Deeper In Ranks Of Corrupt Nations (Eng.). Kyiv Post (1 December 2011) Retrieved from https://www.kyivpost.com/article/ content/ukraine-politics/under-yanukovych-ukraine-slides-deeper-in-ranks-of-118032.html [in Ukrainian]
23. (2015) Rezulʹtaty doslidzhennya «Stan koruptsiyi v Ukrayini dlya proektu UNITER» [Results of the study "The state of corruption in Ukraine for the UNITER project"] Retrieved from http://www.uniter.org.ua/ukr/press/uniter-project-anti-corruption-perception-survey-2015.html [in Ukrainian]
24. (2015) 2015-y: politychni pidsumky – dumka naselennya (doslidzhennya provely Fond «Demokratychni initsiatyvy imeni Ilʹka Kucheriva» ta Kyyivsʹkyy mizhnarodnyy instytut sotsiolohiyi z 15 po 25 hrudnya 2015 roku) [2015: Political Results - Public Opinion [The study was conducted by the Ilko Kucheriv Democratic Initiatives Foundation and the Kyiv International Institute of Sociology from December 15 to 25, 2015] Retrieved from http://dif.org.ua/ua /publications/press-relizy/2015-i-pol.-pids.html [in Ukrainian]
25. (2015) Monitorynhove opytuvannya hromadsʹkoyi dumky naselennya Ukrayiny, provedene Ukrayinsʹkym instytutom sotsialʹnykh doslidzhenʹ im. O. Yaremenka ta Tsentrom «Sotsialʹnyy monitorynh» [The monitoring survey of public opinion of the population of Ukraine, conducted by the Ukrainian Institute of Social Studies them. O. Yaremenko and the Social Monitoring Center] Retrieved from http://www.uisr.org.ua/ [in Ukrainian]
26. Shatkovsky O., Götler P. (n.d.) Novyy zakon Ukrayiny pro derzhavni zakupivli cherez pryzmu mizhnarodnykh standartiv [The New Law of Ukraine on Public Procurement through the Prism of International Standards] / O. Shatkovsky] Harmonizatsiya system konkurentsiyi ta derzhavnykh zakupivelʹ Ukrayiny zi standartamy ES. Retrieved from http://competitionproject. org.ua/en/publishing/pres-relzi/ 125-lexpeterarticleujbl.html [in Ukrainian]
27. (2019) Derzhaudyt•sluzhba prosytʹ posylyty vidpovidalʹnistʹ zamovnykiv. Yedynyy vebportal orhaniv vykonavchoyi vlady Ukrayiny [The State Service requests that the responsibility of the customers be strengthened. The only web portal of executive bodies of Ukraine. Retrieved from: https://www.budgetnyk.com.ua/news/1432-derjauditslujba-prosit-posiliti-vdpovdalnst-zamovnikv?from=PW_Click_Budgetnyk&ustp=W [in Ukrainian]
28. Yedynyy vebportal orhaniv vykonavchoyi vlady Ukrayiny. The only web portal of executive bodies of Ukraine. Retrieved from https://www.budgetnyk.com.ua/news/1432-derjauditslujba-prosit-posiliti-vdpovdalnst-zamovnikv?from=PW_Click_Budgetnyk&ustp=W [in Ukrainian]
29. Brun-Nielsen, S. (2015) Derzhavni zakupivli: shistʹ klyuchovykh urokiv vid ES [Public Procurement: Six Key Lessons from the EU] Yevropeysʹka pravda. Retrieved from http: // www.eurointegration.com.ua/articles/2015/06/4/7034467/[in Ukrainian]
29. Yeshchenko, P. S. (2011) Dohmy i realiyi “novoyi ekonomiky” [Dogma and the realities of the "new economy"] Teoretychni ta prykladni pytannya ekonomiky Zbirnyk naukovykh pratsʹ. Issue 24 Kyiv: Publishing and Printing Center "Kyiv University" pp. 13-22. [in Ukrainian]
30. (2016) Zakon Ukrayiny Pro publichni zakupivli vid 25.12.2015 r. # 922-VIII . Z podalʹshymy zminamy [On Public Procurement: Law of Ukraine dated December 25, 2015 # 922-VIII. With further changes] Vidomosti Verkhovnoyi Rady (VVR). 9. St. 89. [in Ukrainian]
32. Ovisnyuk, O. (2005) Komparatyvnyy analiz systemy derzhavnykh zakupivelʹ krayin Yevropeysʹkoho Soyuzu [Comparative Analysis of the Public Procurement System of the European Union Countries] Naukovi zapysky. Issue 14. pp. 32-34[in Ukrainian]
.png)
.png)
