Social protection of childhood in Ukraine: legal provision and current state (on the example of Mykolaiv region)
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.34132/pard2020.08.13Keywords:
social protection of childhood, social service, boarding school, institutional care, difficult life circumstancesAbstract
The article is analyzes the legal support of social protection of childhood in Ukraine, outlines its current state (on the example of the Mykolaіv region), the existing problems in the researched sphere are revealed and the ways of their solution are offered. At the beginning of the study, the essence of the concept of «social protection» and «social protection of childhood» is defined. Different views of scientists on the interpretation of these two concepts are given. The main part of the article is devoted to characterizing the formation of the system of social protection of childhood and its legal support. During the years of Ukraine's independence, a number of international normative legal acts have been ratified, vector laws and other legal documents have been adopted, and the best foreign experience of developed countries in building a modern national child protection system has been studied and applied. Significant measures have also been taken to introduce a proactive social policy in the country with regard to families raising children. Currently the domestic system of social protection of children does not meet all the needs of the population and does not fully fulfill its obligations aimed at ensuring social and legal guarantees of children's rights. The system of institutions of institutional care and upbringing of children is analyzed, and also distribution of children on age, on term of stay in institutions on their care in the Mykolaіv area, etc. is investigated. It has been established that deinstitutionalization aims to introduce changes in the system of child protection, focused primarily on the preservation and support of the family, the best possible protection of the rights and interests of children. Such a policy is a condition for reforms aimed at reducing the level of orphanhood in the country. At the end of the article, it was concluded that comprehensive implementation of the measures will help solve existing problems in the domestic system of social protection of children, coordination and direction actions of all subjects of social work on early detection of family problems, providing families with children comprehensive support and assistance in overcoming difficult life circumstances.
References
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31. Zakon Ukrayiny Pro zahalʹnoderzhavnu prohramu «Natsionalʹnyy plan diy shchodo realizatsiyi Konventsiyi OON pro prava dytyny» na period do 2016 roku pryiniatyi 5 bereznya 2009 roku № 1065-VI [Law of Ukraine On the national program «National Action Plan for the Implementation of the UN Convention on the Rights of the Child» for the period up to 2016 from March 5, 2009, № 1065-VI]. zakon.rada.gov.ua. Retrieved from https://zakon.rada.gov.ua/laws/show/1065-17 [in Ukrainian].
32. Zakon Ukrayiny Pro zapobihannya ta protydiyu domashnʹomu nasylʹstvu pryiniatyi 7 hrudnya 2017 roku № 2229-VIII [Law of Ukraine On prevention and counteraction to domestic violence from December 7, 2017, № 2229-VІІІ]. zakon.rada.gov.ua. Retrieved from https://zakon.rada.gov.ua/laws/show/2229-19 [in Ukrainian].
33. Zakon Ukrayiny Simeynyy kodeks Ukrayiny pryiniatyi 10 sichnya 2002 roky № 2947-III [Law of Ukraine Family Code of Ukraine from January 10, 2002, № 2947-III]. zakon.rada.gov.ua. Retrieved from https://zakon.rada.gov.ua/laws/show/2947-14 [in Ukrainian].
2. Bolotina, N.I. (2000). Pravo lyudyny na sotsialʹne zabezpechennya v Ukrayini: problema terminiv i ponyatʹ [Human right to social security in Ukraine: the problem of terms and concepts]. Pravo Ukrayiny, 4, 37-39 [in Ukrainian].
3. Introduction on the Social Security (1984). (n.d.). Retrieved from http://ezinearticles.com/?Introduction-To-Social-Security-Benefits&id=732964 [in English].
4. Khaplanova, YE.M. (2008). Do vyznachennya ponyattya «sotsialʹnyy zakhyst osib pokhyloho viku» [To define the concept of «social protection of the elderly»]. Forum of Law: Electron. Science. specialties type, 1, 434-438 [in Ukrainian].
5. KNP «Mykolayivsʹkyy oblasnyy budynok dytyny» Mykolayivsʹkoyi oblasnoyi rady [MNE «Mykolayiv Regional Orphanage» of the Mykolayiv Regional Council]. Retrieved from http://oblzdrav.mk.gov.ua/index.php/oblasni-94931/budinok-ditini [in Ukrainian].
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8. Machulʹskaya, E.E., Horbacheva, ZH.A. (2017). Pravo sotsyalʹnoho obespechenyya [The right of social security]. Moskva: Yzdatelʹstvo Yurayt [in Russian].
9. Makarenko, A.C. (1954). Deyaki vysnovky z pedahohichnoho dosvidu [Some conclusions from the pedagogical experience]. Kyyiv: Rad. shk. [in Ukrainian].
10. Perrin, G. (1988). А hundred years of social insurance. Labor and Society, 9, 399-402 [in English].
11. Reytynh rehioniv Ukrayiny za rivnem instytutsializatsiyi ditey stanom na 31 hrudnya 2018 roky [Rating of regions of Ukraine by the level of institutionalization of children as of December 31, 2018]. (n.d.). diplatform.org.ua. Retrieved from http://diplatform.org.ua/ [in Ukrainian].
12. Rozporyadzhennya Kabinetu Ministriv Ukrayiny Pro Natsionalʹnu stratehiyu reformuvannya systemy instytutsiynoho dohlyadu ta vykhovannya ditey na 2017–2026 roky ta plan zakhodiv z realizatsiyi yiyi I etapu pryiniatyi 9 serpnya 2017 roku № 526-r. [Order of the Cabinet of Ministers of Ukraine On the National Strategy for Reforming the System of Institutional Care and Upbringing of Children for 2017–2026 and the Action Plan for the Implementation of its First Stage from August 9, 2017, № 526-r]. zakon.rada.gov.ua. Retrieved from https://zakon.rada.gov.ua/laws/show/526-2017-%D1%80 [in Ukrainian].
13. Rozporyadzhennya Mykolayivsʹkoyi oblasnoyi derzhavnoyi administratsiyi Proekt Rehionalʹnoho stratehichnoho planu diy z reformuvannya systemy instytutsiynoho dohlyadu ta vykhovannya ditey v Mykolayivsʹkiy oblasti na 2019-2029 roky pryiniatyi 21 serpnya 2019 roku № 403-r. [The order of the Nikolaev regional public administration The project of the Regional strategic plan of actions on reforming of system of institutional care and education of children in the Nikolaev area for 2019-2029 from August 21, 2019, № 403-r]. mk.gov.ua. Retrieved from http://www.mk.gov.ua/ua/oda/order/?doc_id=16507 [in Ukrainian].
14. Shaykhatdynov, V.SH. (2012). Pravo sotsyalʹnoho obespechenyya v Rossyy [Social security law in Russia]. Moskva: Izdatel'stvo Yurayt [in Russian].
15. Sukhomlynsʹkyy, V.O. (1976). Yak vykhovaty spravzhnyu lyudynu [How to bring up a real person]. (Volume 2). Kyyiv: Rad. school [in Ukrainian].
16. Syrota, Y.M. (2004). Pravo sotsyalʹnoho obespechenyya v Ukrayne [The right of social security in Ukraine]. Kharkiv: Odyssey [in Ukrainian].
17. Systema instytutsiynoho dohlyadu ta vykhovannya ditey ta perspektyvy yiyi reformuvannya [The system of institutional care and education of children and prospects for its reform] (n.d.). Retrieved fromhttps://www.president.gov.ua/storage/j-files-storage/00/54/22/7dc6bb44de47d7096d1306c4c5169c07_1512986280.pdf [in Ukrainian].
18. The Encyclopedia Americana (1973). (Vol. 25.). New York (n.d.) [in English].
19. Ukaz Prezydenta Ukrayiny Pro natsionalʹnu prohramu «Dity Ukrayiny» pryiniatyi vid 18 sichnya 1996 roku № 63/96 [Decree of the President of Ukraine On the national program «Children of Ukraine» from January 18, 1996, № 63/96]. zakon.rada.gov.ua. Retrieved from https://zakon.rada.gov.ua/laws/show/63/96 [in Ukrainian].
20. Ukaz Prezydenta Ukrayiny Pro Natsionalʹnu stratehiyu profilaktyky sotsialʹnoho syrit•stva na period do 2020 roku pryiniatyi 22 zhovtnya 2012 roku № 609/2012 [Decree of the President of Ukraine On the National Strategy for the Prevention of Social Orphanhood until 2020 from October 22, 2012, № 609/2012]. zakon.rada.gov.ua. Retrieved from https://zakon.rada.gov.ua/laws/show/609/2012 [in Ukrainian].
21. Ukaz Prezydenta Ukrayiny Pro pershocherhovi zakhody shchodo zakhystu prav ditey pryiniatyi 11 lypnya 2005 roku № 1086/2005 [Decree of the President of Ukraine On priority measures to protect the rights of children from July 11, 2005, № 1086/2005]. zakon.rada.gov.ua. Retrieved from https://zakon.rada.gov.ua/laws/show/1086/2005 [in Ukrainian].
22. Ukaz Prezydenta Ukrayiny Pytannya Upovnovazhenoho Prezydenta Ukrayiny z prav dytyny pryiniatyi 11 serpnya 2011 roku № 811/2011 [Decree of the President of Ukraine Questions of the Commissioner of the President of Ukraine for the Rights of the Child from August 11, 2011, № 811/2011]. zakon.rada.gov.ua. Retrieved from https://zakon.rada.gov.ua/laws/show/811/2011 [in Ukrainian].
23. Volynetsʹ, L.S. (1998). Sotsialʹnyy zakhyst ditey syrit i ditey, pozbavlenykh batʹkivsʹkoho pikluvannya [Social protection of orphans and children deprived of parental care]. Kyyiv: [b. v.] [in Ukrainian].
24. Zakon Ukrayiny Pro okhoronu dytynstva pryiniatyi 26 kvitnya 2001 roku № 2402-III [Law of Ukraine On the protection of childhood from April 26, 2001, № 2402-III]. zakon.rada.gov.ua. Retrieved from https://zakon.rada.gov.ua/laws/show/2402-14 [in Ukrainian].
25. Zakon Ukrayiny Pro orhany i sluzhby u spravakh ditey ta spetsialʹni ustanovy dlya ditey pryiniatyi 24 sichnya 1995 roku № 20/95-VR [Law of Ukraine On bodies and services for children and special institutions for children from January 24, 1995, № 20/95-VR]. zakon.rada.gov.ua. Retrieved from https://zakon.rada.gov.ua/laws/show/20/95-%D0%B2%D1%80 [in Ukrainian].
26. Zakon Ukrayiny Pro osnovy sotsialʹnoho zakhystu bezdomnykh osib i bezprytulʹnykh ditey pryiniatyi 2 chervnya 2005 roku № 2623-IV [Law of Ukraine On the basics of social protection of homeless people and homeless children from June 2, 2005, № 2623-IV]. zakon.rada.gov.ua. Retrieved from https://zakon.rada.gov.ua/laws/show/2623-15 [in Ukrainian].
27. Zakon Ukrayiny Pro poperedzhennya nasylʹstva v simʺyi pryiniatyi 15 lystopada 2001 roku № 2789-III [Law of Ukraine On the prevention of domestic violence from November 15, 2001, № 2789-III]. zakon.rada.gov.ua. Retrieved from https://zakon.rada.gov.ua/laws/show/2789-14 [in Ukrainian].
28. Zakon Ukrayiny Pro sotsialʹnu robotu z simʺyamy, ditʹmy ta moloddyu pryiniatyi 26 chervnya 2001 roku № 2558-III [Law of Ukraine On social work with families, children and youth from June 26, 2001, № 2558-III]. zakon.rada.gov.ua. Retrieved from https://zakon.rada.gov.ua/laws/show/2558-14 [in Ukrainian].
29. Zakon Ukrayiny Pro sotsialʹnyy i pravovyy zakhyst viysʹkovosluzhbovtsiv ta chleniv yikh simey pryiniatyi 20 hrudnya 1991 roku № 2011-ХII [Law of Ukraine On social and legal protection of servicemen and members of their families from December 20, 1991, № 2011-XII]. zakon.rada.gov.ua. Retrieved from https://zakon.rada.gov.ua/laws/show/2011-12 [in Ukrainian].
30. Zakon Ukrayiny Pro zabezpechennya orhanizatsiyno-pravovykh umov sotsialʹnoho zakhystu ditey-syrit ta ditey, pozbavlenykh batʹkivsʹkoho pikluvannya pryiniatyi 13 sichnya 2005 roku № 2342-IV [Law of Ukraine On ensuring the organizational and legal conditions of social protection of orphans and children deprived of parental care from January 13, 2005, № 2342-IV]. zakon.rada.gov.ua. Retrieved from https://zakon.rada.gov.ua/laws/show/2342-15 [in Ukrainian].
31. Zakon Ukrayiny Pro zahalʹnoderzhavnu prohramu «Natsionalʹnyy plan diy shchodo realizatsiyi Konventsiyi OON pro prava dytyny» na period do 2016 roku pryiniatyi 5 bereznya 2009 roku № 1065-VI [Law of Ukraine On the national program «National Action Plan for the Implementation of the UN Convention on the Rights of the Child» for the period up to 2016 from March 5, 2009, № 1065-VI]. zakon.rada.gov.ua. Retrieved from https://zakon.rada.gov.ua/laws/show/1065-17 [in Ukrainian].
32. Zakon Ukrayiny Pro zapobihannya ta protydiyu domashnʹomu nasylʹstvu pryiniatyi 7 hrudnya 2017 roku № 2229-VIII [Law of Ukraine On prevention and counteraction to domestic violence from December 7, 2017, № 2229-VІІІ]. zakon.rada.gov.ua. Retrieved from https://zakon.rada.gov.ua/laws/show/2229-19 [in Ukrainian].
33. Zakon Ukrayiny Simeynyy kodeks Ukrayiny pryiniatyi 10 sichnya 2002 roky № 2947-III [Law of Ukraine Family Code of Ukraine from January 10, 2002, № 2947-III]. zakon.rada.gov.ua. Retrieved from https://zakon.rada.gov.ua/laws/show/2947-14 [in Ukrainian].
Published
2020-06-30
How to Cite
Shulga, A., & Surina, N. (2020). Social protection of childhood in Ukraine: legal provision and current state (on the example of Mykolaiv region). Public Administration and Regional Development, (8), 618–653. https://doi.org/10.34132/pard2020.08.13
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